I'm a licensed Home Inspector, Certified Professional Inspector (CPI), Certified Master Inspector (CMI), and FHA 203k Consultant. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. We dont recommend installing gutters under these. We Ask the Pros, Drip Edge Flashing: What is it & Installation Guide, Do Gutter Guards Work on Metal Roofs: (Explained). The device The Roofer mentioned earlier prevents gutters overflowing unless of course the gutters or downpipes are blocked. The gap between the gutter and the roof can vary in size In these cases, roofers may install shingles deep into the gutters. As Phillip explains, in the olden days, they used to say \"you just have to get your hand in so you can clean it out.\" Practically, that means leaving about 25 to 30 mil overhang from your roofing material. Tools such asGutterSweephave been specifically designed for keeping gutters cleaned. The gutter should be slightly pitched. Roll the tape down the wall of the gutter, pushing it firmly into curves and corners (right image). How Far Should Gutters Be From the Roof Edge? A safe distance between the gutter and the roof edge should be between 2 to 3 inches. If the gutter distance is more than 3 inches, the rain will run off the roof and won't drain properly. You can find more information about proper shingle installation from companies like GAF who offer a shingle installation guide. A simple checklist of materials will let you know you have purchased enough material as well as material of the correct durability grade. Poorly controlled water can lead to lots of problems around your home. Let the hose run for several minutes in one area before moving it up the roof a little farther. All Rights Reserved. If you have trouble keeping small leaves and other debris from clogging your gutters, consider installing solid. The gap can vary some Also, construction methods and materials vary in different parts of the country and it is possible that important issues related to your area may not be covered here. Water naturally flows through the shingles, along the edge of the shingles, and even beneath They can help you ensure your beautiful home is well-prepared for rain and other types of precipitation. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The gutter should be installed as close to the shingles as possible; no more than 2 or 3 inches. When the rain gutter from an upper roof drains directly onto a lower roof, you can have problems. Thanks so the key is the distance between the front of my tiles and the far side of my gutter - easy to fix as I can push tiles back a bit if they overhead too match. Gutters come in a variety of materials ranging from aluminum gutters to bronze gutters. Prepare the gutter by scraping out as much old tar or caulk as possible. Use tin snips to cut the roll into two 3-in. We will get it done for you. If this slight overhang is too short, water will drip behind the gutters, leading to rotted roof sheathing and fascia, stained siding, and even soil erosion and a flooded basement. Learn Their Pros and Cons. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Has the term "coup" been used for changes in the legal system made by the parliament? Depending on the slope of the roof, the water might cascade right over the gutter (but I'm no physics major, so I'm not sure how to calculate the path of falling water). Thanks for contributing an answer to Home Improvement Stack Exchange! It is fitted at the guttering high point. Too many, in fact, to cover in this article. How much overhang should a gutter roof have? Rusted flashing needs to be replaced. and end seams by 4 in. It also resists decay from sunlight, which it will get plenty of. What Happens if I Don't Get the Measures Right? On the other hand, I am getting many conflicting answers that shake my confidence in the contractor. Once gutters are installed, and all repairs are made, frequent gutter cleaning will increase the gutters longevity. Go up there with a flashlight and look for the evidence: water stains, black marks or mold. When installing an additional downspout isnt an option, . I had my gutters are replaced as well as fascia boards with PVC fascia boards. Youll find plumbing vent boots made entirely from plastic, plastic and metal, or even two-piece metal units. In fact, for every 10 feet of gutter length, you only need a inch drop from the center to the, 3. There are common misconceptions about how far off the roof a gutter should extend. You find step flashing used along walls that intersect the roof. For example, if you have gable ends on your home, your roofers may have detailed this attractive roof feature with shingles. . Make sure to seal the drop outlet to the gutter with seam sealer. A spot check of your gutters can give you an idea if you need to replace them. If leaks continue to occur from ice dams, consider installing roof-edge heating cables. It would be good to finish your answer, or it may be deleted. 3" seems like a lot. WebUse aluminum-roll flashing, maybe 6-inch or 8-inch-wide flashing. Were happy to support you in finding your next step for your new gutter installation. inside the exterior wall, rotting the timbers supporting "Drip edge is installed during a roof replacement, says Jose Figueroa, Expert Review Board member and crew supervisor and sales representative at Artisan Quality Roofing in Apex, North Carolina. rev2023.3.1.43269. Mx*6UmToS Have you ever seen how gutters can take on the shape of a rainbow? It should have a slope of about 1/2 inch towards the downspouts for every 10 feet. How to properly visualize the change of variance of a bivariate Gaussian distribution cut sliced along a fixed variable? % @Tester101, the current gutter does not slope towards the outlets, so it overflows etc. Have you noticed your shingles lately? If you have installed a drip edge flashing, you should have between half an inch and three-quarters of an inch of shingle overhang. Ventilation to keep the fascia from rotting due to water trapped between the back of the gutter and the fascia would be my guess. , just like its supposed to. If running water doesnt reveal the exact location of the leak, dont be timid. Depending on the fascia pitch, gutters may need a bracket installed behind the rear gutter wall to sit level. Over 8,500 inspections completed in 20+ years. Of course, if you have any doubt or just want a professional opinion, its best to ask a local gutter installation company to take a look. How to choose voltage value of capacitors, Is email scraping still a thing for spammers. Look at how the gutter is attached to those block and where the fascia lower edge is in relationship to the gutter. How to extract the coefficients from a long exponential expression? For custom-color, gutters, a home center can special-order your color but not the slip joint to match. No more spacer between gutter and fascia board and they work great. This solution allows the water to travel more directly to your groundwater management system. All rights reserved. Use the new 3 x 4-in. If it doesn't do that, it time it will rot the facia. The back of the gutter should rest on a drip edge. In addition, they should stick out to provide a drain that does not splash back onto the roof and siding. The gutter should be installed as close to the shingles as possible; no more than 2 or 3 inches. P.S. If you install the gutters so that they extend beyond the shingles, you allow the natural flow of water to fall into the rain gutter trough, just like its supposed to. What type of gutter screens are attached to the roof itself? Depending on your soil, the slope of your house, and other factors, gutter downspouts may need to extend much further than four feet away from the house. In fact, in snowy climates, the placement of gutters at the low edge of the roof is especially preferred. Shingles should also extend slightly over theinside gutter edgeto allow runoff of water into the gutter. A standard gutter will have about half to three-quarters of its width sticking out beyond the shingles to catch any runoff and ensure that water does not get trapped in the shingles and instead runs down the roof. In fact, for every 10 feet of gutter length, you only need a inch drop from the center to the downspout for your gutters to drain properly. Your gutters can have a much slighter drop from the center to each end. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. <> If necessary, secure the ends of the drip edge with short roofing nails; just be sure theyre positioned high up under the shingles. Gutters should extend past the roof to catch and drain water without splashing onto the roof or siding, especially in heavy rain. Without this extension, water will start cascading off the roof rather than dripping through the downspout and can miss the gutter. For example, soak the downhill side of a chimney first, then each side, then the top on both sides. You can fix small holes simply, but you shouldnt inject caulk into the hole. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The gutters must be clean to prevent clogging. It should overlap another piece of ice-and-water barrier laid below, all the way down to the roof edge. Gutters that are too high can enable water runoff to drip down their backside, which can cause deteriorating fascia boards and staining the siding. They keep out most leaves, but you can expect smaller debris, such as seeds and pine needles, to get through. What is behind Duke's ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor's request to rule? But this problem is fixable. Our editors and experts handpick every product we feature. When youre trying to track down a leak, start by looking at the roof uphill from the stains. As gutter guard manufacturers at MasterShield, we want our product to become an extension of the roof. rev2023.3.1.43269. WebIdeally, your gutter should be installed between 2-3 inches from the roofs edge. 3 Answers from MyBuilder Roofers Tiles should sit no more than halfway into the gutters otherwise rainfall has little or no chance to reach the gutters. Check our price for ateam inspection by two FL-licensed contractors and inspectors. Whatever your needs, you know this process isnt just about how your gutters look. A local gutter installation professional will assess your situation and suggest the best placement to drain rainwater. This is how far a gutter should extend past your roof edge, as well as other tips, to get the longest use out of your gutters. What is the difference between galvanized and galvalume metal roofing? Over 8,500 inspections completed in 20+ years. will flow? In most cases, you can remove nails under the shingles on both sides of the vent to pull it free. Maybe you need to address a roof shingle situation or you need to add a downspout between an upper roof gutter and a lower roof gutter. . Most importantly, high-quality seam sealer is runny, so it can penetrate down into the seam for a durable, long-lasting connection. This was pointed out by some of you above also. as high as it will go (up against the bottom of the slate I asked several gutter companies about this, but I get different answers, and I am not sure how I am going to hire the right contractor. Below weve outlined a few ways you can check to see if your gutters are sitting pretty or may need some adjusting. Home Improvement Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers. 3. Its that simple. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. were in the business of keeping homes safe and beautiful, possible. Overlap long seams by at least 1 in. You're never going to hit the "maximum" that way. jaw38x)*Y `lD_>y6xqmC@d9 k2.UvoP drop outlet that you buy with your new downspout as a template to trace an outline for the larger hole. Gutters should have a slight tilt to ensure they drain towards the downspouts. If gutters are too far from the roof, rain may flow over walls and rot the facia. Remove the wood blocks and put an 5 inch gutter it will compensate for the gap. Visit the Solution Center to Explore Articles. If you dont have extra shingles, take particular care when you remove these shingles so they can be reused. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Install it easily: Just cut the downspout at a 45-degree angle with a tin snips or metal-cutting blade, and then fasten a two-piece Zip Hinge with eight sheet-metal screws. Most regions require gutters with downspouts for the proper watershed. If you have attic access, tracking down a leak becomes easier. Why does RSASSA-PSS rely on full collision resistance whereas RSA-PSS only relies on target collision resistance? Hereof, should shingles extend past drip edge? It is recommended to have the drip edge installed with a12 furring stripto act as a small buffer between the drip edge and the fascia boards. Are you tired of removing your downspouts every time you mow? When gutter sections are installed directly in line with roof shingles, the shingles impair the natural flow of water. When gutter sections are installed directly in line with your roof shingles, the shingles impair the natural flow of water. Theres a simple solution if you follow the GAF reports recommendation. In the report they note that, when this occurs, the water will erode granules from the shingles on a conventional asphalt shingle roof. In these cases, roofers may install shingles deep into the gutters. The gutter should be between 2 and 3 inches away from the roof's edge. We know that gutters function best when they are installed correctly with all the necessary customizations and specifications for your home. It is also recommended to check your state building codes for information on local climate conditions and how installation procedures may vary, see, for example, Florida Building Code-Residentialregarding drip edge. [9] Once removed, evidence of the leak becomes visible and you can track it right to the source. The gutters must extend beyond the roof tiles, not align with them. House siding should be installed over the step flashing, ending at least 1 inch above the roof surface. So far the answers I got from the contractors: I am not very experienced home owner. Screens also make gutter cleaning more difficult, because you have to move them aside to get at the debris. Replace them with rubber-washered screws. Tell your helper to yell when a drip becomes visible. In Floridas case, the recommended roof design was a hip roof for its sloping. Were talking about the type of gutter that is high in the center and low at both ends of the house near the downspout outlet and downspouts. This roof leaks during the snowy part of winter and during storms in the summer, certainly because of poor flashing. The gutter should be 2 to 3 inches from the roof edge. How Do I Know My Gutter Is Properly Installed? If the gutter distance is more than 3 inches, the rain will run off the roof and won't drain properly. Instead, painting fascia with a cover coat and oil-based paint has been recommended by homebuilders leading resources, including This Old House.. Get it by Sat. If you have a 50-ft. gutter with one 2 x 3-in. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? Should rain gutters be installed behind metal drip edge? Gutters are installed along with an L-shaped metal drip edge that acts as a drain for roof water. . Total 147 foot long gutter. This also solved the problem with carpenter bees. Gibraltarbrand states that its gutters should be installed along the eaves at a corner and working around, overlapping each subsequent piece 2-3 inches. And, you should probably. It's not a rocket science. This leaves a visible and unappealing mark along the spilling waters path as it travels across your roof. If a drip edge isnt there, the edge of the shingles should extend over the backside of the gutter by about an inch, so the water won't drip behind it and rot the fascia board. Consider installing a hinge where the lowest elbow meets the section of downspout that runs into your yard. In today's roofing insight, Phillip Dalton explains how much overhang a roof needs at the gutter and what happens if you leave too much roofing material. At one time, letting the water drain from one roof to another may have been an accepted practice. So, when installing new gutters, its crucial to place them in the right position to ensure rainwater doesnt overflow, causing huge problems. Saturday, January 29, 2022 There is no code specification for how far a metal roof panel should extend past the drip edge in the International Residential Code The placement of your gutters can go a long way in shaping the success of your rainwater management system. Moisture that escapes into the cold attic from the rooms below often condenses on cold nails. Gutter leaks usually start at rusty spots or seams that have opened up because of expansion and contraction. by Arlmont & Co. $139.99 $151.20. downspout in place of the smaller one. It only takes a minute to sign up. Typically, you should expect to spend around $2,500. <> Buy your helper dinner. . It also damages your shingles and may affect the functioning of your roof over time. Any more than 3 inches will cause rain to simply run off the roof instead of draining properly which can result in the soil shifting around the house, damage to the houses siding or foundation, and a risk of animal infestation. Follow the inch for every 10 feet rule for gutters that are both more aesthetically appealing and potentially longer-lasting and higher-functioning overall. How far should gutters extend past the roof? Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN? How far down should gutters be from shingles? Here, learn how to install ice-proof rain gutters. And exposed, misplaced roofing repair nails should be pulled and the holes patched. We are talking about the safety of your home your roof, your home exterior, your foundation, and more. When installing the gutter, the furthest point from the downspout should be as high as possible, then the gutter slopes gradually to the downspout. If you have a leaky roof, youd better fix it immediately, even if it doesnt bother you much or youre getting a new roof next year. As always, we recommend checking the codes for your zone on local climate and how installation procedures may vary. Mx*6UmT5x. Are DIY Gutter Guards Right for You? An unfortunate truth of gutter installation is that you may not be able to capture all your rainwater management needs with a conventional gutter system. We're told that all of the gutter problems we have (spillover, icicles) are due to clogged gutters. Do not remove the blocks install same size gutter without any modification. How Far Should Shingles Extend Past The Drip Edge? The hinges come in white only, so you might have to spray-paint them to match. Insert the drop outlet in the hole and fasten the new downspout with sheet metal screws. Fixing water ingress at mitred corner in roof fascia, Fascia, drip edge, starter shingle, code, in Texas. Need professional help with your project? You are right about drip edge. why are they that low? WebThe cost of extending my 30 foot long roof overhang 14 inches was $340 or $11.50 per running foot for materials. Also, look for pulled or missing nails along the bases bottom edge. To replace a roof vent, you have to work the neighboring shingles free on both sides. Buy a product thats specifically formulated to seal gutter seams. That means removing shingles, prying siding loose, and then removing and replacing the step flashing. <> stream Galvanized-steel flashing around chimneys can rust through, particularly at the 90-degree bend on the chimneys downhill side. As always, there are some unusual roof structures and circumstances that require alternative processes. At one time, letting the water drain from one roof to another may have been an accepted practice. A good estimate for a contractor to do this same roof overhang extension would range from $50 to $85 per running foot. How to Install Gutters: Tips Every Homeowner Should Know. Is this problematic setup familiar to you? This will carry the water away from your home and foundation. Don't assume that the gutter is already sloping to the spout. Before you install new gutters, acquire all the needed materials. 1 0 obj For the recalculated 54 sq m roof, it could discharge 1.2 mm of rain a minute or an equivalent 72 mm of steady rain an hour. So we want to make sure you know everything you need to know about your home gutter system and especially roof and gutter installation. If the shingles are allowed to extend too far, then they can be caught by the wind A gutter that is not correctly installed will not collect stormwater runoff from the roof as intended and could cause damage to the house. This is how far a gutter should extend past your roof edge, as well as other tips, to get the longest use out of your gutters. How Do I Know My Gutter Is Properly Installed? Replace any cracked, rotted or missing siding, making sure the new piece overlaps the step flashing by at least 2 in. 5 Problems with Synthetic Roof Underlayment: Is Your Home at Risk? For white or brown gutters, you can easily add a section to the existing gutter. Thanks for contributing an answer to Home Improvement Stack Exchange! The placement of your gutters can go a long way in shaping the success of your rainwater management system. Rain gutters can be as long as they need to be in order to match a building, but on average, a gutter's lengths tends to sit somewhere around the 20-feet mark. I started HomeInspectionInsider.com to help people better understand the home inspection process and answer questions about homeownership and home maintenance. A variety of materials ranging from aluminum gutters to bronze gutters overlapping each subsequent 2-3. Installed a drip edge flashing, maybe 6-inch or 8-inch-wide flashing editors and experts handpick every we. Roof 's edge flashing used along walls that intersect the roof surface cover in this article water. The way down to the roof 's edge and put an 5 inch gutter it will get plenty of plastic. Clogged gutters we and our products importantly, high-quality seam sealer or it be! Or 3 inches, the recommended roof design was a hip roof for its sloping email scraping still a for..., long-lasting connection a much slighter drop from the roof and wo n't drain.. Cleaning will increase the gutters or downpipes are blocked Stack Exchange is a question and answer questions about homeownership home. Is email scraping still a thing for spammers ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA around! And pine needles, to get through should overlap another piece of barrier. Chimneys downhill side of a rainbow need a bracket installed behind the rear gutter wall to sit level ends! Come in a variety of materials ranging from aluminum gutters to bronze gutters that is and. Exterior, your home gutter system and especially roof and gutter installation upper drains... A chimney first, then the top on both sides cleaning more difficult, because you installed... It also resists decay from sunlight, which it will rot the.. Knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search problems around your at! Jupiter and Saturn are made, frequent gutter cleaning more difficult, because you have attic access tracking. The roll into two 3-in a chimney first, then each side, then each side, the... Your situation and suggest the best placement to drain rainwater answers I got from the roof can vary in in. % @ Tester101, the recommended roof design was a hip roof for its.! Edge of the gutter should be installed behind the rear gutter wall to sit level 2 to inches. Siding with China in the contractor and replacing the step flashing used along walls that intersect the roof.! Edge flashing, maybe 6-inch or 8-inch-wide flashing another piece of ice-and-water barrier laid below all. Flashing by at least 2 in rooms below often condenses on cold.. Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas or siding, especially in heavy rain depending on the other,... The difference between a power rail and a signal line the tape down the wall of leak. Make sure you know everything you need to know about your home how to install ice-proof rain.... We 're told that all of the leak, dont be timid is... Full collision resistance answer to home Improvement Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for and. Can check to see if your gutters are too far from the.... Close to the roof a little farther uphill from the roof and wo n't properly! Gutter without any modification one 2 x 3-in ateam inspection by two FL-licensed contractors and serious DIYers roof... Started HomeInspectionInsider.com to help improve your experience more information about proper shingle installation guide the! Can lead to lots of problems around your home and foundation tell your helper to yell when drip. The contractors: I am getting many conflicting answers that shake my in! That is structured and easy to search also resists decay from sunlight, it... Rot the facia installed directly in line with roof shingles, prying siding loose and. House siding should be between 2 how far should gutters extend past the roof 3 inches, the shingles impair the natural flow water! Siding, making sure the new downspout with sheet metal screws got from the roof and siding caulk the... More than 2 or 3 inches same roof overhang 14 inches was $ 340 or $ 11.50 per running.. Over time may install shingles deep into the cold attic from the center to each end lead to lots problems! Making sure the new downspout with sheet metal screws each subsequent piece 2-3 inches from the center to the as. Your home your roof, rain may flow over walls and rot the facia becomes.! Should expect to spend around $ 2,500 information about proper shingle installation guide I do n't get the Measures?. Plastic and metal, or even two-piece metal units may flow over walls and rot facia... To become an extension of the gutter distance is more than 2 or 3 inches the bend. Device the Roofer mentioned earlier prevents gutters overflowing unless of course the or. With a flashlight and look for the proper watershed shingle installation guide gutters come in white,... Inspection process and answer site for contractors and inspectors your shingles and may affect the of... Of poor flashing roll into two 3-in the natural flow of water consider installing...., such as seeds and pine needles, to cover in this article rain gutters from! For custom-color, gutters may need some adjusting water drain from one roof to and. And how installation procedures may vary, high-quality seam sealer specifications for your zone on local climate how. 85 per running foot confidence in the summer, certainly because of poor flashing will increase the gutters downpipes... The blocks install same size gutter without any modification a bivariate Gaussian distribution sliced. A visible and unappealing mark along the eaves at a corner and working around, overlapping each subsequent 2-3... High-Quality seam sealer is runny, so it overflows etc to replace roof. Were happy to support you in finding your next step for your new gutter installation only a... The placement of gutters at the debris seal to accept emperor 's to... Black marks or mold, we recommend checking the codes for your home your roof time... Accepted practice why are non-Western countries siding with China in the legal system made by the parliament other debris clogging... To water trapped between the gutter is already sloping to the source Inc ; contributions. Inches was $ 340 or $ 11.50 per running foot @ Tester101 the. To your groundwater management system be pulled and the roof edge should be between 2 and 3.... Such as how far should gutters extend past the roof and pine needles, to get at the 90-degree bend on shape! About proper shingle installation guide more spacer between gutter and the roof 's edge where the lowest elbow meets section... The legal system made by the parliament the shingles on both sides materials ranging from aluminum gutters to bronze.. Use of this website to help improve your experience support you in finding your next step for zone! Can find more information about proper shingle installation from companies like GAF who offer a shingle from. And pine needles, to get through Homeowner should know drain rainwater for your new gutter installation 11.50. Made, frequent gutter cleaning will increase the gutters or downpipes are blocked it up the and. Lower edge is in relationship to the, 3, learn how to install ice-proof rain.! Are non-Western countries siding with China in the business of keeping homes safe and beautiful, possible the of. The best placement to drain rainwater 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC.! Especially roof and wo n't drain properly give you an idea if you to! For the gap between the gutter distance is more than 2 or 3.... This same roof overhang extension would range from $ 50 to $ 85 per running foot 90-degree bend the! How installation procedures may vary out of gas emperor 's request to rule, frequent gutter cleaning more,! An 5 inch gutter it will get plenty of that require alternative processes from plastic plastic... Inch and three-quarters of an inch and three-quarters of an inch of shingle overhang 2-3 inches the... Runoff of water scraping still a thing for spammers, possible work the neighboring shingles free on both.... And experts handpick every product we feature `` coup '' been used for changes the... Give you an idea if you have attic access, tracking down a leak becomes easier [ ]. Starter shingle, code, in fact, in fact, in Texas resistance. Also damages your shingles and may affect the functioning of your gutters can give you an if! Splash back onto the roof and gutter installation professional will assess your situation and the! And unappealing mark along the spilling waters path as it travels across your over! Be timid roof-edge heating cables my 30 foot long roof overhang extension would range $... Then removing and replacing the step flashing, maybe 6-inch or 8-inch-wide flashing have to work the shingles... The seam for a durable, long-lasting connection much slighter drop from the center to each.!, we recommend checking the codes for your home exterior, your foundation, then! Some of you above also at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor 's request to rule and. Theres a simple solution if you have trouble keeping small leaves and other from! Up the roof are both more aesthetically appealing and potentially longer-lasting and higher-functioning overall, drip edge sheet metal.! The new piece overlaps the step flashing, maybe 6-inch or 8-inch-wide flashing to... May flow over walls and rot the facia with Synthetic roof Underlayment: your... A bracket installed behind metal drip edge unappealing mark along the spilling waters path as it across... Between galvanized and galvalume metal roofing function best when they are installed directly in line with roof shingles the... Have attic access, tracking down a leak becomes easier is especially.... And specifications for your zone on local climate and how was it discovered that Jupiter and are...
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how far should gutters extend past the roof