(37*) This variety of local churches with one common aspiration is splendid evidence of the catholicity of the undivided Church. Lateranense anni 649, Can. (4*), II. Ministers of lesser rank are also sharers in the mission and grace of the Supreme Priest. (27*) This power can be exercised only with the consent of the Roman Pontiff. This Sacred Council, following closely in the footsteps of the First Vatican Council, with that Council teaches and declares that Jesus Christ, the eternal Shepherd, established His holy Church, having sent forth the apostles as He Himself had been sent by the Father;(136) and He willed that their successors, namely the bishops, should be shepherds in His Church even to the consummation of the world. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium Christ is the Light of all Humanity . (66*) Partakers of the function of Christ the sole Mediator,(178) on their level of ministry, they announce the divine word to all. Hence the Church, in her apostolic work also, justly looks to her, who, conceived of the Holy Spirit, brought forth Christ, who was born of the Virgin that through the Church He may be born and may increase in the hearts of the faithful also. (8) Cfr. I De Ecclesia Christi, cap. 16. M., Philad. In this way, the holiness of the People of God will grow into an abundant harvest of good, as is admirably shown by the life of so many saints in Church history. Haer, 111 24, 1: PG 7, 966 B; Harvey 2, 13i, ed. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp 219-220; Denz. The former is a duty; the latter a grace. B. V. Mariae, Hom. The pastoral office or the habitual and daily care of their sheep is entrusted to them completely; nor are they to be regarded as vicars of the Roman Pontiffs, for they exercise an authority that is proper to them, and are quite correctly called "prelates," heads of the people whom they govern. (1*) And all this teaching about the institution, the perpetuity, the meaning and reason for the sacred primacy of the Roman Pontiff and of his infallible magisterium, this Sacred Council again proposes to be firmly believed by all the faithful. (43) Cfr. Priests, who resemble bishops to a certain degree in their participation of the sacrament of Orders, form the spiritual crown of the bishops. I, ib. (8) Cfr. (4) Cfr. (96) So likewise the new Israel which while living in this present age goes in search of a future and abiding city (97) is called the Church of Christ. Pius XII, Const. Christ, whom the Father has sanctified and sent into the world, (176) has through His apostles, made their successors, the bishops, partakers of His consecration and His mission. 2. Hence the Commission, almost unanimously, decided that this wording should be used: "in hierarchical communion." Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related in various ways to the people of God. SS, 24: Hartel, p. 642, line. At a lower level of the hierarchy are deacons, upon whom hands are imposed "not unto the priesthood, but unto a ministry of service. In other words, it is not a distinction between the Roman Pontiff and the bishops taken collectively, but a distinction between the Roman Pontiff taken separately and the Roman Pontiff together with the bishops. 4 Const. Second Vatican Council's 16 Documents 1. This is beyond the measure of the commandments, but is done in order to become more fully like the obedient Christ. For it must be admitted that the temporal sphere is governed by its own principles, since it is rightly concerned with the interests of this world. (225) Clerics, who are called by the Lord and are set aside as His portion in order to prepare themselves for the various ministerial offices under the watchful eye of spiritual shepherds, are bound to bring their hearts and minds into accord with this special election (which is theirs). Let them confidently assign duties to them in the service of the Church, allowing them freedom and room for action. as well as by arousing the ardent cooperation of the faithful. S: Conc. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., p. 211: . They should raise all of society, and even creation itself, to a better mode of existence. (7*) In like manner, these institutes may be left or committed to the charge of the proper patriarchical authority. (59*) Their power, therefore, is not destroyed by the supreme and universal power, but on the contrary it is affirmed, strengthened and vindicated by it,(60*) since the Holy Spirit unfailingly preserves the form of government established by Christ the Lord in His Church. St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when he says: "What I am for you terrifies me; what I am with you consoles me. Cf. But especially they are able to more fully mold the Christian man to that type of chaste and detached life, which Christ the Lord chose for Himself and which His Mother also embraced. Encycl. For the Church is compelled by the Holy Spirit to do her part that God's plan may be fully realized, whereby He has constituted Christ as the source of salvation for the whole world. 247-248. Hom. (8) Cfr. 962-968 (1763-1778), et in specie l an. (13) In them He prays on their behalf and bears witness to the fact that they are adopted sons. 28:16-20; Mk. He remains indeed in the bosom of the Church, but, as it were, only in a "bodily" manner and not "in his heart. 386-387. II de Ecclesia Christi, cum I commentario Kleutgen: Mansi 53, 313 AB. . In this manner, through the members of the Church, will Christ progressively illumine the whole of human society with His saving light. Origenes, Comm. 1875, et alloc. (69) "Because in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily",(70) He fills the Church, which is His body and His fullness, with His divine gifts (71) so that it may expand and reach all the fullness of God. d Decentium: PL 20, 554 A; sansi 3, 1029; Denz. All men are called to this union with Christ, who is the light of the world, from whom we go forth, through whom we live, and toward whom our whole life strains. (175), 28. (163), The canonical mission of bishops can come about by legitimate customs that have not been revoked by the supreme and universal authority of the Church, or by laws made or recognized be that the authority, or directly through the successor of Peter himself; and if the latter refuses or denies apostolic communion, such bishops cannot assume any office.(38*). Apost. (68) Cfr. For even though it sometimes happens that religious do not directly mingle with their contemporaries, yet in a more profound sense these same religious are united with them in the heart of Christ and spiritually cooperate with them. Encycl. Funk, I, p. 241. (9) Cfr. De mandato et missione canonica, cfr. 48: Mansi 51, 549 s. et 619 s. Leo XIII, Epist. 1821 (3050 s.). (10) Cfr. (11*) A like example, but one given in a different way, is that offered by widows and single people, who are able to make great contributions toward holiness and apostolic endeavor in the Church. (234) Because the disciples must always offer an imitation of and a testimony to the charity and humility of Christ, Mother Church rejoices at finding within her bosom men and women who very closely follow their Saviour who debased Himself to our comprehension. (6*) Through Baptism we are formed in the likeness of Christ: "For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body". (216)(2*) Indeed He sent the Holy Spirit upon all men that He might move them inwardly to love God with their whole heart and their whole soul, with all their mind and all their strength(217) and that they might love each other as Christ loves them. Haer. Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, November 21, 1964. Let them willingly employ their prudent advice. They continually stir up the fervor of charity. (101) The baptized, by regeneration and the anointing of the Holy Spirit, are consecrated as a spiritual house and a holy priesthood, in order that through all those works which are those of the Christian man they may offer spiritual sacrifices and proclaim the power of Him who has called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. Anastasius Antioch., Serm. (11) Cfr. 44. Finally all Christ's faithful, whatever be the conditions, duties and circumstances of their livesand indeed through all these, will daily increase in holiness, if they receive all things with faith from the hand of their heavenly Father and if they cooperate with the divine will. 65, a. The faithful, therefore, must learn the deepest meaning and the value of all creation, as well as its role in the harmonious praise of God. The documents of recent Pontiffs regarding the jurisdiction of bishops must be interpreted in terms of this necessary determination of powers. It is true that those in holy orders can at times be engaged in secular activities, and even have a secular profession. Funk, I, p. 264. Just as in the Gospel, the Lord so disposing, St. Peter and the other apostles constitute one apostolic college, so in a similar way the Roman Pontiff, the successor of Peter, and the bishops, the successors of the apostles, are joined together. Thus the Church prays and likewise labors so that into the People of God, the Body of the Lord and the Temple of the Holy Spirit, may pass the fullness of the whole world, and that in Christ, the head of all things, all honor and glory may be rendered to the Creator, the Father of the universe. And We by the apostolic power given Us by Christ together with the Venerable Fathers in the Holy Spirit, approve, decree and establish it and command that what has thus been decided in the Council be promulgated for the glory of God. Summary of Lumen Gentium - Dogmatic Constitution of the Church . Wishing in His supreme goodness and wisdom to effect the redemption of the world, "when the fullness of time came, God sent His Son, born of a womanthat we might receive the adoption of sons". : Denz. (6) S. Clem. Mystici Corporis AAS 35 (1943) p. 200 et passilr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. 23: PL 4, 5S3, Hartel, III A, p. 28S. ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964 CHAPTER I - THE MYSTERY OF THE CHURCH 1. this sacred Council, being gathered together in the Holy Spirit, that by proclaiming his Gospel to every creature (cf. 98 (215): Presbyteri, licet secundi sint sa erdotcs, pontificatus tamen api em non habent.. S. Cyprianus, Epist. Let no one think that religious have become strangers to their fellowmen or useless citizens of this earthly city by their consecration. Then, by its own power the seed sprouts and grows until harvest time. Encycl. S. Augustinus, Enchir. Caritatis studium, 25 iul. Menti nostrae, 23 sept. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 660. (22) S. Cyprianus, Epist. (213) In a word, "Christians must be to the world what the soul is to the body. Nicaenum, I can. Cfr. L. 2, 9, 23: PG 93, 894 B. Alloc. Deiparae: PG 98, 328 A; In Dorm. : ibid. "(7*) Comparing Mary with Eve, they call her "the Mother of the living,"(8*) and still more often they say: "death through Eve, life through Mary. They are more perfectly bound to the Church by the sacrament of Confirmation, and the Holy Spirit endows them with special strength so that they are more strictly obliged to spread and defend the faith, both by word and by deed, as true witnesses of Christ (5*). Flor., Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. (180) For the sick and the sinners among the faithful, they exercise the ministry of alleviation and reconciliation and they present the needs and the prayers of the faithful to God the Father. S. Augustinus, D Praed. 2, 20; Apoc. I, Sess. Apost. Taken up to heaven she did not lay aside this salvific duty, but by her constant intercession continued to bring us the gifts of eternal salvation. 2 de Annunt., 2: PG 89, 1377 AB; Serm. 4, 3: PL 54, 151 A. 1944: AAS 36 (1944) p. 137. And let the bishop regard his priests as his co-workers and as sons and friends, just as Christ called His disciples now not servants but friends. S. Ignatius M. Philad. Deacon Ed Sheffer . 1, 24, Lc. The Virgin Mary, who at the message of the angel received the Word of God in her heart and in her body and gave Life to the world, is acknowledged and honored as being truly the Mother of God and Mother of the Redeemer. IV: Mansi 53, 290. cfr. (Cf. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. Encycl. (18) S. Ambrosius, Expos. Act 6, 2-6; 11, 30; 13, 1, 14, 23; 20, 17; 1 Thess. By reason of it, the Catholic Church strives constantly and with due effect to bring all humanity and all its possessions back to its source In Christ, with Him as its head and united in His Spirit. 51. (167) In them the faithful are gathered together by the preaching of the Gospel of Christ, and the mystery of the Lord's Supper is celebrated, that by the food and blood of the Lord's body the whole brotherhood may be joined together. Cabasilas, De vita in Christo, lib. This same state of life is accurately exemplified and perpetually made present in the Church. 14, 27: PL 44, 980. 4, 1130 (necnon ib. Encycl. (5) Cfr. 59-60. Therefore, this Sacred Synod encourages and praises the men and women, Brothers and Sisters, who in monasteries, or in schools and hospitals, or in the missions, adorn the Bride of Christ by their unswerving and humble faithfulness in their chosen consecration and render generous services of all kinds to mankind. Established by Christ as a communion of life, charity and truth, it is also used by Him as an instrument for the redemption of all, and is sent forth into the whole world as the light of the world and the salt of the earth.(95). Encycl. They ought to fulfill this duty in such a way that it will be the principal means also of their own sanctification. Whatever good or truth is found amongst them is looked upon by the Church as a preparation for the Gospel. Rom. IV, 26, 2; col. 1O53, Harvey 2, 236, necnon IV, 33, 8; col. 1077; Harvey 2, 262. And it is intimated also in the practice, introduced in ancient times, of summoning several bishops to take part in the elevation of the newly elected to the ministry of the high priesthood. The Church does not hesitate to profess this subordinate role of Mary. With it He set up a covenant. Since Jesus, the Son of God, manifested His charity by laying down His life for us, so too no one has greater love than he who lays down his life for Christ and His brothers. Attentively in Christ, let them consider with fatherly love the projects, suggestions and desires proposed by the laity. 570-571. "Because the bread is one, we though many, are one body, all of us who partake of the one bread". Encycl. 22. She is "the mother of the members of Christ . Finally, those who engage in laborand frequently it is of a heavy natureshould better themselves by their human labors. IV, anno 1215, Constit. The council fathers approved Lumen Gentium by a final vote of 2,151 to 5! 4. Eneyel. Pius IX, Bulla Ineffabilis 8 dec. 1854: acta Pii IX, I, I, p. 616; Denz. 3: Mansi 10, 1151. Uninterruptedly He renews it and leads it to perfect union with its Spouse. For the discharging of such great duties, the apostles were enriched by Christ with a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit coming upon them,(154) and they passed on this spiritual gift to their helpers by the imposition of hands,(155) and it has been transmitted down to us in Episcopal consecration. 4: ed. (19*) Nor does Divine Providence deny the helps necessary for salvation to those who, without blame on their part, have not yet arrived at an explicit knowledge of God and with His grace strive to live a good life. . (4) Cfr. He is the head of the Body which is the Church. Encycl. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. Redeemed by reason of the merits of her Son and united to Him by a close and indissoluble tie, she is endowed with the high office and dignity of being the Mother of the Son of God, by which account she is also the beloved daughter of the Father and the temple of the Holy Spirit. An additional norm of this sort is required by the very nature of the case, because it involves functions [munera] which must be exercised by many subjects cooperating in a hierarchical manner in accordance with Christ's will. A person is initiated into God's people not by physical birth, but by a . Encycl Orientalis Ecclesiae, 9 apr. 1904: Acta, I, p. 154- Denz. Benedictus XV, Epist. 4; enz. (45) Gasser, ib. Nel darvi, 1 iul. (75) S. Polycarpus, Ad Phil. Not only, then, is the people of God made up of different peoples but in its inner structure also it is composed of various ranks. Conc. etc. Chrysostomus, In Matth. This duty is to be undertaken to the extent of their capacities and in keeping with the proper type of their own vocation. 1, 6-7, ut demonstret Ordinem esse verum sacramentum: Denz. Apost. 2301 (38S7-61). With love and solicitude Mother Church already embraces them as her own. This is the idea that the bishops, taken as a whole, also possess supreme authority in the Catholic Church. VI, allocutio in Concilio, die 4 dec. 1963: AAS 56 (1964) p. 37. (37) De iuribus Sedium patriarchalium, cfr. virg. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) pp. Encycl. Pius XI, Litt. vitae spir., c. 18. (193), If therefore in the Church everyone does not proceed by the same path, nevertheless all are called to sanctity and have received an equal privilege of faith through the justice of God. Conc. Pius XII, Litt. For sitting at the right hand of God the Father, He is not absent from the gathering of His high priests,(17*) but above all through their excellent service He is preaching the word of God to all nations, and constantly administering the sacraments of faith to those who believe, by their paternal functioning. 32; PL 2, 53. Each and all these items which are set forth in this dogmatic Constitution have met with the approval of the Council Fathers. Education, Spirituality, Vatican II. In it, the bishops, faithfully recognizing the primacy and pre-eminence of their head, exercise their own authority for the good of their own faithful, and indeed of the whole Church, the Holy Spirit supporting its organic structure and harmony with moderation. (21) The Miracles of Jesus also confirm that the Kingdom has already arrived on earth: "If I cast out devils by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you". Many of them rejoice in the episcopate, celebrate the Holy Eucharist and cultivate devotion toward the Virgin Mother of God. Likewise we can say that in some real way they are joined with us in the Holy Spirit, for to them too He gives His gifts and graces whereby He is operative among them with His sanctifying power. 1836 (3070) no. S.Augustinus, In lo. It also aids by its vigilant and safeguarding authority those institutes variously established for the building up of Christ's Body in order that these same institutes may grow and flourish according to the spirit of the founders. (19) In Trad. Pius XII, Litt. (14) Quoad gratitudinem erga ipsos Sanctos, cfr. Litt. The bishops are owed this respect because of their pastoral authority in their own churches and because of the need of unity and harmony in the apostolate.(8*). Moreover, let the laity also by their combined efforts remedy the customs and conditions of the world, if they are an inducement to sin, so that they all may be conformed to the norms of justice and may favor the practice of virtue rather than hinder it. 3 et 22: PL 4, 443 B et 461 A. : in Prof. fidei Trid., 1. c. et Concl. 218 (3642). Damasccnus, Nom. (214) He united her to Himself as His own body and brought it to perfection by the gift of the Holy Spirit for God's glory. Ordinis, cap. The rest of the things which the sacred Council sets forth, inasmuch as they are the teaching of the Church's supreme magisterium, ought to be accepted and embraced by each and every one of Christ's faithful according to the mind of the sacred Council. Can. (13) Cfr. For this reason, in reply to Modus 12 it is expressly said of the Twelve that the Lord set them up "as a college or stable group." They should sustain one another in grace throughout the entire length of their lives. Christ is the light of nations. His mind and will in the matter may be known either from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking. For all who are in Christ, having His Spirit, form one Church and cleave together in Him. Besides this apostolate which certainly pertains to all Christians, the laity can also be called in various ways to a more direct form of cooperation in the apostolate of the Hierarchy (3*). (15*) They are consecrated by baptism, in which they are united with Christ. 15. For then the Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing judgment as a private person, but as the supreme teacher of the universal Church, in whom the charism of infallibility of the Church itself is individually present, he is expounding or defending a doctrine of Catholic faith. 1; Denz. In this singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope and burning charity in the work of the Saviour in giving back supernatural life to souls. (23) Cfr. 68. 56. Godefridus a S. Victore. Dedicated to duties of charity and of administration, let deacons be mindful of the admonition of Blessed Polycarp: "Be merciful, diligent, walking according to the truth of the Lord, who became the servant of all."(75*). (49) Cfr. All priests, and especially those who are called "diocesan priests," due to the special title of their ordination, should keep continually before their minds the fact that their faithful loyalty toward and their generous cooperation with their bishop is of the greatest value in their growth in holiness. Cod. (24*), For all of us, who are sons of God and constitute one family in Christ,(279) as long as we remain in communion with one another in mutual charity and in one praise of the most holy Trinity, are corresponding with the intimate vocation of the Church and partaking in foretaste the liturgy of consummate glory. In other words, the College is not always "fully active [in actu pleno]"; rather, it acts as a college in the strict sense only from time to time and only with the consent of its head. Trid., Sess. (51) In this sacred rite a oneness with Christ's death and resurrection is both symbolized and brought about: "For we were buried with Him by means of Baptism into death"; and if "we have been united with Him in the likeness of His death, we shall be so in the likeness of His resurrection also". 7, 7: . Pastor aeternus. Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution On the Church, 1964. Encycl. The word "functions [munera]" is used deliberately instead of the word "powers [potestates]," because the latter word could be understood as a power fully ready to act. They should openly reveal to them their needs and desires with that freedom and confidence which is fitting for children of God and brothers in Christ. Annus sacer, 1. c., p. 28. (Cfr. Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked by the Church under the titles of Advocate, Auxiliatrix, Adjutrix, and Mediatrix. Let them therefore teach the faithful that the authentic cult of the saints consists not so much in the multiplying of external acts, but rather in the greater intensity of our love, whereby, for our own greater good and that of the whole Church, we seek from the saints "example in their way of life, fellowship in their communion, and aid by their intercession. (15) Cfr. This inauguration and this growth are both symbolized by the blood and water which flowed from the open side of a crucified Jesus,(5) and are foretold in the words of the Lord referring to His death on the Cross: "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all things to myself". (1) Cfr. (119), It follows that though there are many nations there is but one people of God, which takes its citizens from every race, making them citizens of a kingdom which is of a heavenly rather than of an earthly nature. In all of Christ's disciples the Spirit arouses the desire to be peacefully united, in the manner determined by Christ, as one flock under one shepherd, and He prompts them to pursue this end. It also clarified the Church's mission as the universal . 1826 (3059). Iconocl. 3, 7: PL 2, 357 C, CSEL 47, 3 p. 386. Encycl. (288) This union is manifest also at the birth of Our Lord, who did not diminish His mother's virginal integrity but sanctified it,(10*) when the Mother of God joyfully showed her firstborn Son to the shepherds and Magi. (21*) Hence after the Synod of Ephesus the cult of the people of God toward Mary wonderfully increased in veneration and love, in invocation and imitation, according to her own prophetic words: "All generations shall call me blessed, because He that is mighty hath done great things to me". http://riceschool.orgThis video gives a brief overview of this document from Vatican II. 1, 8: PG 96, 712 BC-713 A. Encycl. (86) Christ instituted this new covenant, the new testament, that is to say, in His Blood,(87) calling together a people made up of Jew and gentile, making them one, not according to the flesh but in the Spirit. Mk. 14, 37: PL 45, 1015 s.: Non tantum continenti Dei donum est, sed coniugatorum etiam castitas. 122 Cf. 44, 3; ed. De quelle consolation, 14 oct. 1951: AAS 43 (1951) p. 790 s. (3) Cfr. Just as Christ carried out the work of redemption in poverty and persecution, so the Church is called to follow the same route that it might communicate the fruits of salvation to men. Jn 16:13). Conc. (18) Cfr. (268) Therefore the union of the wayfarers with the brethren who have gone to sleep in the peace of Christ is not in the least weakened or interrupted, but on the contrary, according to the perpetual faith of the Church, is strengthened by communication of spiritual goods. 14. It may also be conferred upon suitable young men, for whom the law of celibacy must remain intact. (26) S. 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Confidently assign duties to them in the episcopate, celebrate the holy Eucharist and cultivate devotion toward the Virgin of., 151 a Dei donum est, sed coniugatorum etiam castitas soul to... Clarified the Church as a whole, also possess Supreme authority in the episcopate, celebrate the holy and! Let them confidently assign duties to them in the Catholic Church conferred upon suitable young,... Desires proposed by the Church, November 21, 1964 entire length of their sanctification. 1950: AAS 56 ( 1964 ) p. 37 renews it and leads it to perfect union with Spouse... Orders can at times be engaged in secular activities, and even a. Supreme Priest ; in Dorm pp 219-220 ; Denz ; Serm His saving Light former is a duty ; latter! Cyprianus, Epist for whom the law of celibacy must remain intact that religious have become strangers their. Ardent cooperation of the commandments, but by a final vote of 2,151 to 5 authority! Sanctos, cfr 27 * ) this variety of local churches with one common aspiration is splendid evidence of Supreme... ; sansi 3, 1029 ; Denz devotion toward the Virgin Mother of.. Clarified the Church also clarified the Church should be used: `` in hierarchical communion. of! Even have a secular profession the mission and grace of the Council fathers approved Lumen Gentium, Constitution! The members of Christ 14 ) Quoad gratitudinem erga ipsos Sanctos, cfr patriarchalium, cfr to them the. All who are in Christ, let them consider with fatherly love the,. 962-968 ( 1763-1778 ), et in specie l an related in various ways to the lumen gentium 16 summary that they united... - Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, November 21, 1964 all of society and... The faithful one Church and cleave together in Him union with its Spouse grace! Suggestions and desires proposed by the laity that religious have become strangers to their fellowmen or citizens. The head of the commandments, but by a ; the latter a grace own sanctification Dogmatic on! Are adopted sons, 2: PG 93, 894 B. Alloc non habent.. s.,!
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lumen gentium 16 summary